{"product_id":"the-nation-or-the-ummah-islamism-and-turkish-foreign-policy-paperback","title":"The Nation or the Ummah: Islamism and Turkish Foreign Policy - Paperback","description":"\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eBirol Başkan\u003c\/b\u003e (Author), \u003cb\u003eÖmer Taşpınar\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTurkey's enthusiastic embrace of the Arab Spring set in motion a dynamic that fundamentally altered its relations with the United States, Russia, Qatar, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran, and transformed Turkey from a soft power to a hard power in the tangled geopolitics of the Middle East. Birol Başkan and Ömer Taşpınar argue that the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) Islamist background played a significant role in the country's decision to embrace the uprisings and the subsequent foreign policy direction the country has pursued. They demonstrate that religious ideology is endogenous to--shaping and in turn being shaped by--Turkey's various engagements in the Middle East. \u003ci\u003eThe Nation or the Ummah\u003c\/i\u003e emphasizes that while Islamist religious ideology does not provide specific policy prescriptions, it does shape the way the ruling elite sees and interprets the context and the structural boundaries they operate within.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eAuthor Biography\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBirol Başkan\u003c\/b\u003e is non-resident scholar at the Middle East Institute. He is the author of several books, including \u003ci\u003eTurkey and Qatar in the Tangled Geopolitics of the Middle East\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eFrom Religious Empires to Secular States: State Secularization in Turkey, Iran, and Russia\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003cb\u003eÖmer Taşpınar\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is the author of several books, including \u003ci\u003eWhat the West is Getting Wrong about the Middle East: Why Islam is Not the Problem\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 222\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.51 x 9 x 6 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIllustrated:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e July 02, 2022\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Books by splitShops","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51783165083936,"sku":"9781438486482","price":59.76,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0974\/9764\/5344\/files\/ba406811fe7f11154108847694d1b3df.webp?v=1780581769","url":"https:\/\/ebocreations.com\/products\/the-nation-or-the-ummah-islamism-and-turkish-foreign-policy-paperback","provider":"The E-Book Oasis LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}